Manga Guide to Electricity | Madeline Morales

pg 1-36

Calculate how much it costs to use five common appliances that you use every day in your home for 24 hours. Please let me know the applicance, its wattage, amps and volts of each appliance and how you calculated cost. You will need to go to GRU or look at one of your electric bills.

Appliances:

Air Conditioning - 4409.6W = 21.2A x 208V

Microwave - 1800W = 15A x 120V

Toaster Oven - 1440W = 12A x 120V

LED Light Bulb - 10W = 9.2A x 12V

Lava Lamp - 15W = .12A x 120V

GRU kW/h for this month = 359

My online bill doesn't have the charge for kW/h?

How many of those appliances can you plug into one outlet without tripping a breaker? Please do this mathematically rather than through direct experience.

I have no idea how to find the maximum current value allowed in my complex, but if I went with the example used in the book of 20A, i could plug in several of the small appliances (such as 2 lights, or a light and the taster oven) but other than that I should avoid plugging multiple things in.

pg 37-80

1. Document yourself creating some static electricity and post to blog. Use the triboelectric series to decide which materials to use to generate static electricity.

I would but I don't currently have a balloon to rub against my hair, and my apartment doesn't have carpet. However,

 

2. Contrast the speed of an electron with the speed of electrical motion in one sentence.

Electrons move very slowly--less than 1cm/s--but eletrical motion is the same as the speed of light: 300,000km.

3. Briefly explain the relationship between resistance and energy. Use an example from your house.

Resistance hinders the flow of electricity and, in some cases, exists as part of a load, which converts electric energy to something else (sound, heat, etc.) A heat lamp, such as the one that warmed my lizard's cage, converts electrical energy to heat energy.

4. What is the difference in AC and DC current? Give and example of each from your daily life.

The current in a DC current is constant (ex. a battery powering a circuit) but the direction that a current in an AC current flows varies (ex. a plug in an outlet).

pg 90 - 116

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

Heat is produced when current flows through a resistance, similar to how heat is produced when food is digested.
Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?

When current flows through a resistance and heat is generated, temperature rises. Infrared (heat) rays are also emitted. If the temperature rises further, visual light is emitted. This process is called thermal emission.

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up. How could one make a metal a superconductor?

A superconductor conducts electricity with no resistance. MRIs use superconducting magnets. Superconductors are made from elements with 0 electrical resistance at critical temperatures. 
What is Ampere's Law?

Magnetic fields are generated in a circular pattern around the wire when current flows in electric wire. 
If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what happens?

The two magnetic fields generated in the two wires are combined to form one large magnetic field. Additionally a force of attraction is generated that causes the two electrical wires to attract each other.
What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

A force of repulsion is generated and the magnetic fields negate each other.

pg. 1560195

1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?

A semiconductor is something that has properties in between those of a conductor (through which electricity easily passes) and an insulator (through which electricity has difficulty passing).
2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors? 

Because the purity of refined silicon is eleven-nine percent. Additionally, the silicon atom has four valence electrons in its outermost shell, which jointly contribute four electrons to form a firm crystal. The crystal does not have any electrons that can freely move around, so electricity will hardly pass through it. 
3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.

if an element with fine valence electrons like phosphorus is mixed with a silicon crystal, the two elements will bond and one valence electron escapes, causing the electrical conductivity of the semiconductor to increase. This makes it an N-type.In P-type semiconductors, electrical conductivity increases because the bonded element (such as boron, with 3 valence electrons) leaves a hole in the space where there is not an electron.
4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.

Diodes restrict the flow of current to only one direction. When an N type and P type semiconductor form a P-N junction, the diode is formed and the P-type semiconductor side is referred to as an anode. The N-type is the cathode.
5. What is rectification?

Rectification is the restriction of current to flowing in one direction caused by a diode.
6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.

The wavelength of the light emitted depends on the raw material of the semiconductor. 
7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?

Transistors allow the connector current to become greater than the base current. As a result, the collector current will change significantly in response to a change in the base current.

8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch? 

Unlike a regular switch, it has no physical contact, so it doesnt wear out and is less likely to fail. Additionally, since it can be turned on and off rapidly, control can be fine tuned.