ANNIE KLOPP | PBS's Transistorized

Part 1:  
This part of the video  was blocked on youtube for copyright reasons,  :(  so, I just skipped to the following parts.

Part 2:
AT&T knew that if they were able to meet the demand for increasing phone services, they had to further their research in the field of vacuum tubes. At this point in time, AT&T's business relied on relays and vacuum tubes.  Their business would be limited by those two types of devices.  Instead, they progressed research in the field of Semiconductors like Silicon and Geranium.

In World War two, the radar made huge improvements for tracking enemy planes and ships. However, semiconductors and radars were connected. The research about these two devices lead to researching the resistor.

Anyway, AT&T was still swamped with increasing demand. Shockley and Kelly headed the research in semiconductors. In spring of 1945, real research began to happen with the semiconductor amplifier. His idea was to attach a battery two-piece to have semiconductor.

Part 3:  
There were things happening on the surface of the semiconductor that prevented Shockley's first device from working. It was preventing the field from penetrating into the body of the material that the electrons were trapped on. The two were conducting many experiments to figure this out.

They tried dipping the silicon and geranium into liquid nitrogen.  There was also the concern that the liquid was slowing it down. Instead, they tried injecting positive charges directly into the geranium.

Part 4:  

Shockley's invention was working but the surfaces were loose.  He wanted to create a sandwich to strengthen the surface.

Shockely's greatest concern changed to legal issues, however.  He would not be credited as the sole inventor and other companies were pursuing the patents for it. The department wanted to credit the entire team, although it was mostly only Shockely's work.

Part 5:  
Part 5 was also blocked on Youtube due to "copyright material" :(

Part 6:  
The Fairchild Semiconductor company was created. The new semiconducor was sold in 1965 and was the newest, biggest change in the direction of the whole industry. The contributors on the documentary went so far as to say that we can thank our laptops and computers today to the work of Shockley's semiconductor.

Sadly, Shockley "should be comparable to Bill Gates" with the magnitude of his invention. Unfortunately this simply just didn't happen.