1. The temperature of an electrical device increases with resistance. The manga uses the example of walking in a crowded train and bumping into everyone, making everyone move around for you. This is like an electron moving through a bunch of packed electrons, all the bumping and extra movement will generate more heat. If there's very few people/electrons, there's almost no bumping and motion, and thus the temperature is lower.
2. The bulb heats up due to the mechanism in question one, and it releases infrared rays, which are not visible but people can feel the warmth of the energy.
3. Superconductors are materials where the atoms have reached a rest point, they are not moving, and there is no resistance. By making a material close to absolute zero temperature, the example given is aluminum, you can make a superconductive state. They are used in MRIs, magnetically driven trains, and even particle colliders.
4. Ampere's Law relates electric charge to a closed magnetic field. It's the force of attraction or repulsion between two wires that are electrically charged.
5. Two wires with current flowing in the same direction placed side by side would repel each other, if the current were flowing opposite they would attract.
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