10/05 Manga Electricity Questions

Please answer the following on the blog:


1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?


LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors? 

• LOW MATERIAL COST
• TEMPERATURE RANGE
• SIMPLE PROCESSING

3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.

SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL IS USEFUL, BECAUSE THEIR BEHAVIOR CAN BE MANIPULATED THROUGH THE PROCESS KNOWN AS DOPING ( THE INTRODUCTION OF IMPURITIES TO A EXTREMELY PURE(INTRINSIC) SEMICONDUCTOR, FOR THE SAKE OF MODULATING ITS ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES. THE MANIPULATED SEMICONDUCTORS ARE KNOWN AS EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS. 

P-TYPE:

• DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR CONTAINING EXCESS HOLES
• P = POSITIVE FOR HOLES

N-TYPE:

• DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR CONTAINING EXCESS FREE ELECTRONS
• N = NEGATIVE FOR ELECTRONS

COLLECTIVELY ELECTRONS AND HOLES ARE KNOWN AS CHARGE CARRIERS. "P" OR "N" IS THE SIGN OF THE CHARGE OF THE MAJORITY MOBILE CHARGE CARRIERS.

4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.

• MADE FROM A P-N JUNCTION
• DEPLETION REGION MADE AT JUNCTION
• CURRENT CONDUCTION IS RESERVED DUE TO LACK OF MOBILE CHARGE CARRIERS
• WHEN DEVICE IS FORWARD BIAS
• CONNECTED W/ P SIDE AT HIGHER ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL THAN N
• DEPLETION REGION IS DIMINISHED
• INCREASE CONDUCTION
• 
  
• WHEN DEVICE IS REVERSED BIAS
• SMALL CURRENT ACHIEVED
• DEPLETION REGION EXPAND

5. What is rectification?

ELECTRICAL DEVICE THAT CONVERTS ALTERNATING CURRENT AC, WHICH SOMETIMES REVERSES DIRECTION, TO DIRECT CURRENT DC, WHICH ONLY FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION

6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.

• 2-LEAD SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT SOURCE
• P-N JUNCTION
• EMITS LIGHT WHEN ACTIVATED
• ELECTROLUMINESCENCE (THE EFFECT OF VOLTAGE APPLIED TO THE LEADS, ELECTRONS COMBINING WITH ELECTRON HOLES, AND RELEASING ENERGY IN THE FORM OF PHOTONS. 
• THE COLOR OF THE LIGHT CORRESPONDS WITH THE ENERGY OF THE PHOTON, AND IS DETERMINED BY THE ENERGY BAND GAP OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR

7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?


BASE CURRENT : CURRENT FLOWS FROM THE BASE TO THE EMITTER

COLLECTOR CURRENT : AS THE BASE CURRENT FLOWS, CURRENT FROM THE COLLECTOR BEGINS TO FLOW TO THE EMITTER AS WELL.

*COLLECTOR CURRENT BECOMES > THAN BASE CURRENT


8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch? 

TRANSISTORS

• NO CONTACT (LESS WEAR & TEAR)
• CAN BE MANIPULATED MUCH EASIER
• FASTER RESPONSE
• MORE CONTROL

10/05 Kayla Evans Manga Guide to Electricity pg. 90-116

-Heat is given off as electric current flows through a material/conductor and encounters resistance; the electrons flowing through it hit atoms inside of the conductor, giving off heat. Moreno, conductors that are heated to high temperatures will become more resistant to electric current because their atoms are rapidly moving.
-It is warm near an incandescent light bulb because in order for the bulb to produce light, it had to achieve thermal emission; infrared rays passing through the filaments in the light bulb continued to shorten and grow hotter until they entered the spectrum of visible light.
-A superconductor is a material whose atoms are barely moving, creating conditions in which electrons can move with little resistance.
-Ampere's law states that, when you pass current linearly through a conductor, a magnetic force is applied to it in a circular way, with the direction of the magnetic field depending on the direction of the current.
-If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two adjacent electric wires, the magnetic fields add together and the wires attract each other.
-If current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side, the magnetic fields are rendered null and the wires repel each other.

10/5 stepper motor

stepper motor

speeeeeeed control

one step at a time, baby

10/05 In Class Stepper Motor & Motor Shield Excercises

Stepper Motor

Motor Shield

10/05 Sensor Presentation Kelsey & Tatyana

We plan to use a Simple IR proximity sensor.

How does it work?

A proximity sensor often emits an electromagneticfield or a beam of electromagnetic radiation(infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in thefield or return signal.

What different flavors does it come in?

There are many different types of Proximity sensors.

The flavors include:

• auditory
• magnetic
• radar
• inductive
• infrared

What are its practical applications outside
of art making?

Museums use proximity sensors to detect if a person is getting to close to the artwork. Sonar sensors were typically used within submarines to detect external motion in the waters. 

Locate the schematic.

Find the inputs, outputs, how to calibrate
or impact the use and other relevant
information on the diagram.

The diagram is already labelled with the different inputs/ outputs.

Outputs 1 & 8 connect to a resistor

Outputs 2 connects to a resistor and then to a relay connected to Output 3

Outputs 3 & 6 connect to ground

Outputs 4 & 5 connect to potential power sources. YOU CAN ONLY USE 4 OR 5 NOT BOTH.  The 2 outputs also then connect to LEDs

Output 7 is the main power source

Circuits Today

What are its power requirements and what
sorts of other electronics are necessary to
get it to work?

Most simple proximity sensors can use a power source of 9V

Tell us how the sensor is typically used.

Proximity sensors can detect an object without direct contact or touch. They are used to detect an object as a collision avoidance method or as Object detector to avoid any possible physical impact. 

Tell us how you plan to use and/or modify
the sensor.

We hope to incorporate these sensors in our project by modifying their ability to detect larger scales, and further distances.