10/5 Manga guide to electricity Part 4

1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?

     An LED

2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors? 

     Low material cost and wide temperature range.

3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.

     p type is a doped semi conductor containing excess holes while n type is a doped semiconductor          containing excess free electrons.  P means it is Positive for holes. N means Negative for electrons,

   
4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.

      A diode is a type of electronic component that allows electricity to flow through in only one               direction. When the diode is forward bias and connected to the P side, it has a higher electrical             potential than N.

5. What is rectification?

     The conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC)

6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.

     An LED emits light when it is activated at the P-N junction. The LED releases energy in the form      of photons. The color of the light corresponds with the energy of the photon and is determined by        the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?
     

     In a base current, the current flows from the base to the emitter. In a collector current, as the base        current flows, the current from the collector flows to the emitter as well.    

8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch?

     

     With a transistor there is no contact, it can be manipulated easier, there is more control and a faster      response time.

10/07 Kayla Evans Manga Guide to Electricity pg. 156-195

-An example of a semiconductor device is a resistor, which allows some of an electric current to pass through.

-Silicon is used in the manufacture of semiconductors because it has a mid-level resistivity, and can be combined with other elements to increase its conductivity.

-N-type: free electron causes it to become more conductive

 P-type: missing electron causes it to become more conductive as well

-Diode- made up of N-type material on one side, P-type on the other. When current passes from negative cathode side of power supply to negative side of diode, through positive side and to anode side of power supply, electricity flows. If direction of diode is reversed, movements of electrons inside of diode help to increase the barrier between N and P materials and current cannot flow.

-Rectification is a process in which current can only be sent one way, and is the principle behind the functions of a diode.

-Color in an LED is caused by electromagnetic waves that gain different lengths as they pass through the materials of the semiconductor. For red, they would probably need a material capable of transmitting longer wavelengths of visible light.

-In a transistor, base current enables collector current to flow by distributing electrons in the base and collector. Collector current is also linked to base current; it serves as a larger reflection of the base current.
-A transistor has several advantages over a switch. It operates faster, is less prone to wear and damage, and can be more accurately tweaked.

10/05 Kayla Evans Manga Guide to Electricity pg. 90-116

-Heat is given off as electric current flows through a material/conductor and encounters resistance; the electrons flowing through it hit atoms inside of the conductor, giving off heat. Moreno, conductors that are heated to high temperatures will become more resistant to electric current because their atoms are rapidly moving.
-It is warm near an incandescent light bulb because in order for the bulb to produce light, it had to achieve thermal emission; infrared rays passing through the filaments in the light bulb continued to shorten and grow hotter until they entered the spectrum of visible light.
-A superconductor is a material whose atoms are barely moving, creating conditions in which electrons can move with little resistance.
-Ampere's law states that, when you pass current linearly through a conductor, a magnetic force is applied to it in a circular way, with the direction of the magnetic field depending on the direction of the current.
-If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two adjacent electric wires, the magnetic fields add together and the wires attract each other.
-If current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side, the magnetic fields are rendered null and the wires repel each other.

Manga Guide to Electricity: 156-195

1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?

Diodes and transistors are semiconductor devices.  

2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors?

The purity of silicon is 99.999999999%.

3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.

N-type is a negative semiconductor which has a negative electrical property. P-type is a positive semiconductor with a missing covalent electron.

4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.

A diode is made up of p-type and n-type semiconductors. When attached together it allows the electrical current to flow in one direction. There is a barrier in the middle of it that prevents the electrons from attracting each other and current is still allowed to flow. If there is too much voltage the barrier could be broken and the diode could break.

5. What is rectification?

It allows current to flow in one direction.

6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.

Light is produced when the negative and positive electrons collide in the middle of the diode and produce energy that emits light. The colors are a result of the raw material used for the semiconductors.

7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?

Current flows from the base to the emitter called base current.When the base current flows it causes current from the collector to also flow to the emitter and it’s called collector current. The collector current becomes greater than the base current.

8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch?

A transistor has no physical contact and so it will not wear or fail as easily and it can be turned on and off much faster allowing to precise control.

9/38 Manga guide to electricity pgs 90-116

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

Heat is the vibrations of atoms and molecules. When you touch a metalic object, the heat in your hand causes the atoms in the object to vibrate faster. The vibrations can move very quickly from atom to atom, so the heat gets carried away from the point of contact. That's what makes it feel cold.

Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb? 

An incandescent bulb has two wires running parallel transmitting an electrical current to a tungsten filament that connects the two wires. This filament heats until its heat is reflected as light.

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up. How could one make a metal a superconductor?

A material that can conduct electricity or transport electrons with no resistance.

What is Ampere's Law?

Ampere's Law states that for any closed loop path, the sum of the length elements times the magnetic field in the direction of the length element is equal to the permeability times the electric current enclosed in the loop.

If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what happens?

If two parallel wires have currents traveling in the same direction, the magnetic fields generated by those currents between the wires will both point in opposite directions resulting in the wires attracting each other.

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

 if two parallel wires have currents traveling in opposite directions, the magnetic fields generated by those currents between the wires will both point in the same direction

9/28 manga guide to Electricity 90-116

Manga Guide to Electricity Read 90-116

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

• Heat is produced when electricity flows through an electric resistance much in the way that the digestion of food produces heat. The heat produced by the electric resistance is called joules  heat. Heat, or temperature, is essentially vibration, so when electricity flows through the resistance, it is similar in effect to when someone yells "fire" in a crowded room, creating panic, or in the case of the electricity, creating more vibrations. 

Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?

• The bulb's electrical resistance generates heat and in turn heats the air around it. The heat takes the form of thermal emissions,

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up.

• A superconductor is a material with no electrical resistance. Aluminum is a superconductor when its temperature reaches near absolute zero
• Superconductors are used in MAGLEV trains, since they can be used to make extremely strong magnets. The train 'floats' on the magnet, which eliminates the friction between the train and the track. 

How could one make a metal a superconductor?

• To make a metal a superconductor you need to cool it below a certain critical temperature.

What is Ampere's Law?

• The creation of circular magnetic fields around a wire when electricity floes through it. 
• The direction of the current determines the direction of the magnetic field. This can be determined by using your right hand; with your fingers curled and your thumb sticking out in the direction of the current, your other fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field. 

If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what
happens?

• The two magnetic fields generated in the two wires are combined to form one large magnetic field. A force of attraction is also created that causes the wires to attract each other. 

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

• A force of repulsion is generated in the wires and the magnetic fields negate each other.

Please read about Flemings Left and Right Hand Rule. Think about this Rule with respect to the motors we have made this week.

• Fleming's left hand rule demonstrates how a conductor placed a magnetic field and current flows is affected by forces generated by the current or the field. When your left hand is bent into the unbeatable rock, paper, scissors combination trick your thumb indicates the direction of the conductor, pointer finger points in direction of magnetic field, and middle finger points in direction of current. A DC motor move by this force. 
• Fleming's right hand rule is relevant to generators

Manga Guide to Electricity pg. 90-116, 9.28.15

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

When current flows through a resistance and the temperature rises, heat is generated. It is like when you’re hungry(the current flow is you trying to get to your food) and have to wait in line(which is the resistance), the longer you wait the angrier(heat) you get.

Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?

It is warm near a bulb because of the Thermal Emission which happens when the temperature of substance increases and thermal energy is emitted.

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up. How could one make a metal a superconductor?

http://www.iflscience.com/physics/explainer-what-superconductor

A superconductor is neither a metal nor an insulator. It is a material that can conduct electricity perfectly.The electrical current will flow infinitely never degrading or dissipating. Superconductors are enhanced when combined with magnets. MRI’s create a large magnetic field so doctors can screen people. To make a metal a superconductor you could place a really strong magnet next to it.

What is Ampere's Law?

The magnetic fields that are generated when using electricity. They are generated in circular patterns around a wire.

If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what happens?

The two magnetic fields combine to form a large magnetic field and a force of attraction is generated causing the two wire to attract each other.

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

A force of repulsion is generated and the two wires negate each other and the magnetic fields disappear.

Please read about Flemings Left and Right Hand Rule. Think about this Rule with respect to the motors we have made this week.

Flemings left hand rule demonstrates how force behaves when placed in a magnetic field. A DC motor turns by using the Left Hand force. The left hadn rule is used to determine the direction of the current.

9/23 Manga Activity Tyra 90-116

Manga Guide to Electricity Read 90-116
Answer the following on the blog.
What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.
Heat and electricity are like jumping beans. The more the beans are vibrated the more they will move around. This motion produces heat and that heat is what powers the electricity. In other words, "Heat is nothing more than the vibrations of atoms and molecules. When you pass a current through a conductor, the electrons bump into the atoms as they move through it. This increases the vibrations and the temperature of the conductor rises."

Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?
Thermal emissions cause it to be warm near incandescent lightbulbs.

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up. How could one make a metal a superconductor?
A superconductor is the best conductor for electricity because current flows through it continuously without decreasing in strength. Magnets can be used to make superconductors. They are used in MRI's and maglev trains.

What is Ampere's Law?
Ampere's Law is that Magnetic fields are created when electricity is in use. They form circular patterns around wire.
If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what happens?
The wires will be attracted to one another.

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?
The magnetic field will disappear.

Manga Guide to Electricity 36-80

Read pp 36-80 in The Manga Guide to Electricity.

Static electricity is caused when the positive and negative charge attract each other. The amount of positive and negative charge that is created is equal and the shock is a result of the atom particles balancing themselves out. Static electricity can be caused by rubbing something like vinyl against hair. On a cold day if you rub your feet against the carpet and then touch a doorknob you may be shocked which is a result of the charge moving through your body to the doorknob. The polarity of the charges differs depending on the material that is used. The triboelectric series can be used to determine which two materials can cause the most static electricity.

1. Document yourself creating some static electricity and post to blog. Use the triboelectric series to decide which materials to use to generate static electricity.

I used vinyl and my hair because they are far apart on the triboelectric series

2. Contrast the speed of an electron with the speed of electrical motion in one sentence.

“The speed at which electrical motion is transmitted to neighboring electrons is the

same as the speed of light: 300.000 km per second; therefore, the current also flows at

300.000 km per second (the speed of tight)”

3. Briefly explain the relationship between resistance and energy. Use an example from your house.

The load is what converts electrical energy to light or heat energy. When the load hinders the flow of current it is called electric resistance. A light bulb has a resistance that converts electric energy to light energy.

4. What is the difference in AC and DC current? Give and example of each from your daily life. If you get shocked,

In DC the current flows in one direction and AC means the current can change direction. A battery is DC and an outlet is AC. 

5. Determine the equivalent resistance of a 6.0 Ω and a 8.0 Ω resistor if …

1. 14v= 6+8 … connected in series.
2. 1/(⅙)+(⅛)= (6x8)/(6+8)=48/14 = 3.43… connected in parallel.