House Hold Appliances Manga Part 1

House Hold Appliances
1. Ceiling Fan
It uses 35 watts
at 20 hours per day 365 day per year I'd be spending $30.66 at 255.5 kWh a year

2. Clothes Dryer
it uses 2790 watts
at 1 hour per day 50 days a year I'd be spending $16.74 at 139.5 kWh a year

3. Microwave
It uses 1500 watts
at 30 minutes a day (over exaggerated) for 180 day a year I'd be spending $16.20 at 135 kwh a year

4. HD TV Television
it uses 234 watts
at 4 hours per day 365 days a year I'd be spending $41.00 for 341.64 kWh a year

5. Video Game System
It uses 36 watts
at 5 hours per day 365 days a year I'd be spending $7.88 for 65.7 watts a year

Questions
1.The TV the Microwave and the Games System cannot be in one outlet, it exceeds the wattage for the outlet.

2. Electric Current is the rate of charge flow at a certain point in a circuit, its measured in coulombs per second (amperes)

3. It was difficult to find this information because I live in a huge apartment complex.

10/05 Manga Electricity Questions

Please answer the following on the blog:


1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?


LED (LIGHT EMITTING DIODE)2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors? 

• LOW MATERIAL COST
• TEMPERATURE RANGE
• SIMPLE PROCESSING

3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.

SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIAL IS USEFUL, BECAUSE THEIR BEHAVIOR CAN BE MANIPULATED THROUGH THE PROCESS KNOWN AS DOPING ( THE INTRODUCTION OF IMPURITIES TO A EXTREMELY PURE(INTRINSIC) SEMICONDUCTOR, FOR THE SAKE OF MODULATING ITS ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES. THE MANIPULATED SEMICONDUCTORS ARE KNOWN AS EXTRINSIC SEMICONDUCTORS. 

P-TYPE:

• DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR CONTAINING EXCESS HOLES
• P = POSITIVE FOR HOLES

N-TYPE:

• DOPED SEMICONDUCTOR CONTAINING EXCESS FREE ELECTRONS
• N = NEGATIVE FOR ELECTRONS

COLLECTIVELY ELECTRONS AND HOLES ARE KNOWN AS CHARGE CARRIERS. "P" OR "N" IS THE SIGN OF THE CHARGE OF THE MAJORITY MOBILE CHARGE CARRIERS.

4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.

• MADE FROM A P-N JUNCTION
• DEPLETION REGION MADE AT JUNCTION
• CURRENT CONDUCTION IS RESERVED DUE TO LACK OF MOBILE CHARGE CARRIERS
• WHEN DEVICE IS FORWARD BIAS
• CONNECTED W/ P SIDE AT HIGHER ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL THAN N
• DEPLETION REGION IS DIMINISHED
• INCREASE CONDUCTION
• 
  
• WHEN DEVICE IS REVERSED BIAS
• SMALL CURRENT ACHIEVED
• DEPLETION REGION EXPAND

5. What is rectification?

ELECTRICAL DEVICE THAT CONVERTS ALTERNATING CURRENT AC, WHICH SOMETIMES REVERSES DIRECTION, TO DIRECT CURRENT DC, WHICH ONLY FLOWS IN ONE DIRECTION

6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.

• 2-LEAD SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT SOURCE
• P-N JUNCTION
• EMITS LIGHT WHEN ACTIVATED
• ELECTROLUMINESCENCE (THE EFFECT OF VOLTAGE APPLIED TO THE LEADS, ELECTRONS COMBINING WITH ELECTRON HOLES, AND RELEASING ENERGY IN THE FORM OF PHOTONS. 
• THE COLOR OF THE LIGHT CORRESPONDS WITH THE ENERGY OF THE PHOTON, AND IS DETERMINED BY THE ENERGY BAND GAP OF THE SEMICONDUCTOR

7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?


BASE CURRENT : CURRENT FLOWS FROM THE BASE TO THE EMITTER

COLLECTOR CURRENT : AS THE BASE CURRENT FLOWS, CURRENT FROM THE COLLECTOR BEGINS TO FLOW TO THE EMITTER AS WELL.

*COLLECTOR CURRENT BECOMES > THAN BASE CURRENT


8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch? 

TRANSISTORS

• NO CONTACT (LESS WEAR & TEAR)
• CAN BE MANIPULATED MUCH EASIER
• FASTER RESPONSE
• MORE CONTROL

10/5 Manga pp.156-195

Please answer the following on the blog:
1. What is an example of a semiconductor device?
A transistor...it's used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electronic power.

2. Why is silicon used in the manufacture of semiconductors?
The economical reason is that silicon is much cheaper than anything else. It's easily accessible and has a wider temperature range, lower voltage operation and lower leakage. Germanium used to be the go to element but it's too sensitive to temperature, that's why silicon is much better.

3. Discuss the difference using an example of the difference between and N-type and P-type semiconductor.
N-type semiconductor materials have elements which have spare electrons in their outer shells. This gives N-type silicon's free electrons with the potential to create current. P-type semiconductor materials have elements that have too few electrons in their outer shells. Therefore the opposite of electrons are free to move about within the material with the potential to create current. Similar to the negative and positive poles of the magnet.

4. In your own words describe what a diode does and the role of N and P type semiconductors.
Typical N and P diodes can be used to monitor heat. The N and P type semiconductors use the differing behavior of charge carriers to move heat around
5. What is rectification?
Converting AC to DC by reversing the direction of the flow. This happens periodically.

6. What causes color in an LED? Give and example of what causes a particular color.
RGB leds have three separate leds that are all accentuating each other. This particular led can produce over 16 million colors through a spectrum.
7. What is the relationship between base current and collector current in a transistor?
In base current the current is proportional but flows in reverse. Current flows from the emitter to the collector. The Collect current is proportional and current flows into the base.
8. What are the advantages of a transistor over a switch?
Since the transistor does not break the circuit, you have no arc and therefore no damage to the device. Also, eliminating the arc eliminates noise. Mechanical switches also suffer from contact bounce. Thus, if your circuit requires a clean input signal, it won't get it because the contacts will bounce and cause a ringing signal. And, the transistor can be turned on and off rapidly, something you cannot do with a switch. Controlling the on/off duty cycle is the method used to dim lights. Such lighting effects are not possible with a simple mechanical switch.

09/28 Manga Electricity Questions

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

Good heat conductors are usually good electrical conductors. when you pass a current through a conductor, the electrons bump into the atoms as they move through it. These vibrations increase, causing the temperature of the conductor to rise, thus the emission of heat. 



Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?

Due to thermal emission; as the temperature of a substance increases, light and heat are emitted out of a it as electromagnetic waves, causing the substance to warm up.

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up. How could one make a metal superconductor?

1. A material that can produce electricity/ transport electrons from one atom to another, with little/ no resistance due to sufficiently low temperatures. 
2. In the military, US NAVY utilizes SQUID (superconducting QUantum Interference Device); as the most sensitive detector in science, the SQUID consists of a superconducting loop, used to measure magnetic fields, to detect mines and submarines. 
3. Many metals are natural superconductors when they become cold enough, though most need to be close to absolute zero. 

What is Ampere's Law?

When current flows in an electric wire, a magnetic field with a circular pattern is generated around that wire. 

If a current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what happens?

The magnetic fields generated in each wire are combined to generate a magnetic field of twice the current around both conductors. 

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

A force of repulsion is generated between the wires. In this case. the magnetic fields around the wires negate each other and become smatter. 

Please read about Flemings Left and Right Hand Rule. Think about this Rule with respect to the motors we have made this week.

The left hand rule is used to remember the relationship in the directions of magnetic field, the conductor and the current to understand the direction a motor moves. Extend the thumb, index and middle finger of your left hand so they are perpendicular to each other, thus representing the direction of how the conductor, magnetic field, and current move. The right hand rule determines the direction of an electromagnetic force created by an electric generator that demonstrates the direction of the conductor, magnetic field, and current flow based on the thumb, index and middle finger's perpendicular alignment to each other. 

9/28 manga guide to Electricity 90-116

Manga Guide to Electricity Read 90-116

What is the relationship between heat and electricity. Please provide a metaphor.

• Heat is produced when electricity flows through an electric resistance much in the way that the digestion of food produces heat. The heat produced by the electric resistance is called joules  heat. Heat, or temperature, is essentially vibration, so when electricity flows through the resistance, it is similar in effect to when someone yells "fire" in a crowded room, creating panic, or in the case of the electricity, creating more vibrations. 

Why is it warm near an incandescent light bulb?

• The bulb's electrical resistance generates heat and in turn heats the air around it. The heat takes the form of thermal emissions,

What is a superconductor? What are they used for in real life? You may have to look this up.

• A superconductor is a material with no electrical resistance. Aluminum is a superconductor when its temperature reaches near absolute zero
• Superconductors are used in MAGLEV trains, since they can be used to make extremely strong magnets. The train 'floats' on the magnet, which eliminates the friction between the train and the track. 

How could one make a metal a superconductor?

• To make a metal a superconductor you need to cool it below a certain critical temperature.

What is Ampere's Law?

• The creation of circular magnetic fields around a wire when electricity floes through it. 
• The direction of the current determines the direction of the magnetic field. This can be determined by using your right hand; with your fingers curled and your thumb sticking out in the direction of the current, your other fingers curl in the direction of the magnetic field. 

If current of the same size flows in the same direction in two electric wires placed side by side, what
happens?

• The two magnetic fields generated in the two wires are combined to form one large magnetic field. A force of attraction is also created that causes the wires to attract each other. 

What happens if current of the same size flows in opposite directions in two electric wires placed side by side?

• A force of repulsion is generated in the wires and the magnetic fields negate each other.

Please read about Flemings Left and Right Hand Rule. Think about this Rule with respect to the motors we have made this week.

• Fleming's left hand rule demonstrates how a conductor placed a magnetic field and current flows is affected by forces generated by the current or the field. When your left hand is bent into the unbeatable rock, paper, scissors combination trick your thumb indicates the direction of the conductor, pointer finger points in direction of magnetic field, and middle finger points in direction of current. A DC motor move by this force. 
• Fleming's right hand rule is relevant to generators

9/21 Maria - Manga Exercises

1.

2.  Electrons move very slowly (>1cm/second), but electrical motion is as fast as the speed of light.

3.  Heat is created as a result when a current passes through resistance. My toaster.

4.  Alternating Current has current that changes the flow of the current and varied the size of the current. Rice cooker. You'll feel a tingle, it'll still hurt. Direct Current has a fixed flow and size of current. A battery. You'll get shocked.

5a.  6.0 ohms + 8.0 ohms = 14 ohms

5b.  6.0 ohms + 8.0 ohms/6.0 ohms + 8.0 ohms = 3.4 ohms

1. Document yourself creating some static electricity and post to blog. Use the triboelectric series to decide which materials to use to generate static electricity. 

Manga Electricity Questions

DOCUMENT YOURSELF CREATING SOME STATIC ELECTRICITY AND POST TO BLOG. USE THE TRIBOELECTRIC SERIES TO DECIDE WHICH MATERIALS TO USE TO GENERATE STATIC ELECTRICITY.

CONTRAST THE SPEED OF AN ELECTRON WITH THE SPEED OF ELECTRICAL MOTION IN ONE SENTENCE.

---The speed of electrons is slow and in contrast the speed of electrical motion equals way more.

BRIEFLY EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RESISTANCE AND ENERGY. USE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR HOUSE.
---Resistance creates a loss of energy usually in the form of heat. An example of this is a toaster, toaster oven....

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN AC AND DC CURRENT? GIVE AND EXAMPLE OF EACH FROM YOUR DAILY LIFE. 

AC:Electric charge in alternating current (AC), on the other hand, changes direction periodically. The voltage in AC circuits also periodically reverses because the current changes direction. 
---Example: Oven

DC: In direct current (DC), the electric charge (current) only flows in one direction
---Example: Cell Phone

DETERMINE THE EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE OF A 6.0Ω AND A 8.0 Ω RESISTOR IF …
… CONNECTED IN SERIES.
6Ω + 8Ω =14Ω… CONNECTED IN PARALLEL.
6Ω * 8Ω / 6Ω + 8Ω = 3.43Ω

09/14 Manga Electricity Questions

• Document yourself creating some static electricity and post to blog. Use the triboelectric series to decide which materials to use to generate static electricity.

• Contrast the speed of an electron with the speed of electrical motion in one sentence.

The speed of electrons is very slow, at 1 cm per second, where as the speed of electrical motion equates to that of the speed of light, 300,000 km per second.

• Briefly explain the relationship between resistance and energy. Use an example from your house.

Toasters utilize electrical energy and resistance to create heat to work. The electrical energy is converted into heat/light by the load, which has a hindrance on the flow of current, called the (electrical) resistance. 

• What is the difference in AC and DC current? Give and example of each from your daily life. If you get shocked,



• AC: 
• Alternating Current 
• Direction of current alternates between clockwise and counterclockwise, with the electricity flow changing every 50 to 60 seconds
• i.e. outlet
• DC:
• Direct Current
• Direction of current flow as well as current size is constant and fixed
• i.e. battery

• Determine the equivalent resistance of a 6.0Ω and a 8.0 Ω resistor if …

•  … connected in series.
• 6Ω + 8Ω =14Ω  

•  … connected in parallel.
• 6Ω * 8Ω / 6Ω + 8Ω = 3.43Ω 

09/02 Manga Guide/ 5 Common Appliances

Outlet Overloading:

Apparently, according to Mr. Electricity, you are not overloading a outlet but the circuit supplies power to the multiple lights and outlets.

Most homes can hold about 200 amps of electrical power, making the possibility of overloading, quite small. In order to find the capacity of circuits so they don't overload:

Find what breaker/ fuse services which outlet. Once this circuit is identified, check the amps # (i.e. 15) at the end of the breaker switch. 

Multiply this by 120 (volts) to find the total wattage, or capacity, for the circuit: For example, 15 x 120 = 1800 watts.

Multiply the total wattage by 0.8 to find the safe wattage: 1800 x 0.8 = 1440 watts.

The above list of everyday appliances we use in our household are shown, based on a monthly estimate/ cost of kilo Watts per hour (kWh). The wattage, size and usage assumption are thus averaged, based on such findings, with the help of Duke EA  Electric Appliances.

What is the directional relationship between charge and current?

Electric current is the rate of charge flow (measured in amperes) past a given point in an electrical circuit. The charge's movement is based on the positive and negative sourced areas. The motion will always move from a positive source charge to a negative. 

Static Electricity Experiment 

I personally don't have the hair to showcase static electricity but I understand the fundamental concept: that of an imbalance in the electric charges in a surface. Most commonly seen by rubbing a ballon against one's head and watching as your hair reacts to said imbalance, by "standing" up.