Static electricity was defined in the book as being caused by mechanical friction, such as the charge that builds between wool and amber as they are rubbed together. It happens less in places with high humidity because water absorbs charge, so it leaks away faster from the agitated material than it otherwise would.
I couldn't remember off the top of my head, but the illustrated electromagnet used a coil wrapped around a nail insulated with a straw; a magnet is rubbed over the coil to create an electromagnetic field.
I most wanted to try the experiment with the motor made with the lightweight nail, because I didn't understand how it would work at all, despite how I was supposed to, selon the book ....
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